Field Marshal Rank in Pakistan Army: History, Appointments, and Legacy

The Prestige of the Field Marshal Rank in Pakistan

In the Pakistan Army, Field Marshal (FM) is the most prestigious and senior military rank, representing the five-star designation and the apex of military recognition. It is an honorary title awarded by the Government of Pakistan to acknowledge exceptional and distinguished service rendered by the Chief of Army Staff (COAS).

This title is not only the highest rank in the Pakistan Armed Forces but also ranks above all military designations across the Air Force and Navy, including Air Chief Marshal and Admiral, respectively.

An Overview of the Five-Star Rank

Although still officially authorized and part of the Pakistan military’s ranking structure, the Field Marshal rank has only been conferred twice since the country’s independence in 1947. The rank carries no operational command authority or additional pay, falling under the “Apex Scale” pay grade. However, its significance lies in the symbolic honor and national prestige it represents.

The Field Marshal rank corresponds to NATO’s OF-10 code and is equivalent to a Fleet Admiral in the Navy or Marshal of the Air Force.

Historical Appointments: Only Two Field Marshals in Pakistan

Field Marshal Ayub Khan

The first person to receive this title was General Muhammad Ayub Khan. Although he retired from active service in 1958, Ayub was officially promoted to Field Marshal in 1959. The announcement came via a government communiqué, which highlighted Ayub Khan’s role in preserving Pakistan’s national integrity during a period of significant political upheaval.

The official statement emphasized that his elevation symbolized the nation’s gratitude and was intended to “demonstrate to the world the high esteem in which he is held by his people.”

Field Marshal General Asim Munir

In a historic development, General Syed Asim Munir, serving as Chief of Army Staff (COAS), was promoted to Field Marshal in May 2025. This marked the second instance in the country’s history where a serving army chief was elevated to this honor. His promotion is widely viewed as recognition of exemplary leadership during a time of internal challenges and geopolitical complexity.

The announcement was met with widespread congratulations, including formal recognition from civilian leadership and civil society members such as Ch. Amin Tahir Gehlan, CEO of ARC NGO Kasur.

How is a Field Marshal Appointed?

The appointment of a Field Marshal in Pakistan is made through a constitutionally defined process. A formal appeal or recommendation is submitted by the Prime Minister, in coordination with the President and Ministry of Defence, for judicial review—typically in the Supreme Court or High Court.

Although the President serves as the Commander-in-Chief, the appointment is rooted in parliamentary governance, ensuring that the process remains within the framework of constitutional law.

Statutory Ambiguity and Constitutional Boundaries

The legal framework surrounding the Field Marshal rank in Pakistan remains largely symbolic and lacks a well-defined statutory structure. While the position holds no additional executive powers, its use must conform to Pakistan’s constitutional limits.

It is worth noting that any misuse of the rank, or its association with extra-constitutional influence, could pose challenges for democratic governance, particularly in moments of political tension.

The Symbolic Legacy of Field Marshals

Despite having no command role, the Field Marshal title carries immense ceremonial and national significance. It is a reflection of the military’s highest form of esteem and symbolizes unshakable confidence in the individual’s contributions to national security and sovereignty.

Both Ayub Khan and General Asim Munir’s promotions came at pivotal times in Pakistan’s history—periods marked by transformative political shifts, external pressures, and internal restructuring.

The title continues to serve as a beacon of national pride, cementing the role of the armed forces in safeguarding Pakistan’s strategic interests.

A Rare Honor with Lasting Impact

The Field Marshal rank in the Pakistan Army is more than a military designation—it is a national tribute to extraordinary service. While only two men have ever received it, the honor stands as a lasting legacy of leadership, duty, and patriotism.

As General Asim Munir joins Ayub Khan in this exclusive rank, the title reaffirms the importance of integrity, strategic vision, and constitutional loyalty in shaping the future of Pakistan’s armed forces.