CDA Plans Rs. 140 Crore Kashmir Chowk Underpass as Heavy Rains Raise Flooding Concerns

The Capital Development Authority (CDA) has scheduled a public hearing for the environmental assessment of a proposed Rs. 140 crore underpass at Kashmir Chowk in Islamabad.

The development comes as heavy rains and cloudbursts have caused flooding in several parts of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, bringing renewed attention to urban planning, drainage capacity and infrastructure management in the twin cities.

The proposed Kashmir Chowk underpass is expected to become an important road infrastructure project in the capital. Before the project can move forward, authorities are conducting the required environmental assessment process.

According to the details provided, the public hearing will be held on September 21, 2026, at 11:00 am at the Gandhara Citizen Club in F-9 Park, Islamabad.

The hearing is being conducted under the provisions of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997, giving citizens and other stakeholders an opportunity to participate in the environmental review of the proposed project.

The timing of the hearing is particularly significant as recent heavy rainfall has exposed vulnerabilities in parts of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Cloudbursts and intense rainfall have caused water accumulation and flooding, raising questions about the ability of existing urban infrastructure to handle extreme weather events.

Large road projects such as underpasses are generally designed to improve traffic movement and reduce congestion at busy intersections. However, their effectiveness also depends on supporting infrastructure, particularly stormwater drainage and water management systems.

The proposed Kashmir Chowk project therefore comes amid a broader discussion about how Islamabad should balance traffic infrastructure development with climate resilience and flood management.

Recent flooding has highlighted the importance of considering drainage patterns and water flow when planning major construction projects. Infrastructure that addresses traffic congestion but does not adequately account for heavy rainfall could face operational challenges during extreme weather.

The environmental assessment process provides an opportunity for authorities to examine these issues before construction begins. Residents, environmental stakeholders and other members of the public can use the hearing to raise concerns or seek clarification about the project’s potential impacts.

The Rs. 140 crore estimated cost also makes the project a significant public investment. Questions surrounding design, environmental impact, drainage arrangements and long-term maintenance are likely to remain important as the project progresses.

Islamabad has experienced rapid urban development over the years, increasing pressure on roads, drainage networks and other municipal infrastructure. More frequent episodes of intense rainfall can further challenge systems designed around historical weather patterns.

The public hearing could therefore become an important stage in determining whether the proposed underpass adequately addresses both transportation requirements and environmental considerations.

Authorities will need to consider how the project fits into Islamabad’s wider infrastructure network and whether adequate measures are incorporated to manage stormwater during heavy rainfall.

The September 21 hearing will provide an opportunity for the public to participate in the environmental assessment process before further decisions are made regarding the proposed Kashmir Chowk underpass.

Quetta Bans Sale of Loose Powdered Milk, Violators Face Arrest

Authorities in Quetta have imposed a complete ban on the sale of loose powdered milk, citing concerns over consumer safety and the lack of essential product information.

The decision was taken on the orders of the Balochistan chief minister following a meeting chaired by the Quetta deputy commissioner. Officials discussed the sale of unpackaged powdered milk and the potential health risks associated with such products.

Under the new restrictions, traders selling loose powdered milk could face strict action. Authorities have warned that violators may be arrested and their shops sealed.

The district administration said a major concern is that loose powdered milk is frequently sold without important information that consumers need before purchasing a food product.

Such details can include an expiry date, ingredients and other information about the product’s composition and safety. Without proper labeling, consumers may have difficulty determining the quality, origin or suitability of the milk powder.

The administration’s decision reflects wider concerns about the sale of food products outside regulated packaging. Proper packaging and labeling allow consumers to make informed decisions while also helping authorities trace products when safety or quality issues arise.

The ban is expected to affect businesses and retailers involved in the sale of powdered milk in loose form across Quetta. Shopkeepers will need to ensure that powdered milk products being offered for sale comply with the applicable requirements.

Officials have emphasized that the restrictions are intended to protect consumers from products that do not provide adequate information about their contents and shelf life.

The lack of an expiry date can be particularly problematic for powdered food products because consumers may have no reliable way to determine whether a product remains suitable for consumption. Similarly, missing ingredient information can make it difficult for buyers to understand what they are purchasing.

The administration’s warning of arrests and shop sealing indicates that authorities intend to take the ban seriously. Traders could therefore face significant consequences if they continue selling loose powdered milk after the restrictions come into effect.

The move also places greater responsibility on retailers to source and sell properly packaged products that carry the required consumer information.

For consumers, the ban could encourage greater awareness of food labeling and the importance of checking packaging before purchasing powdered milk and other food products.

The Quetta administration is expected to monitor markets and retail outlets to ensure compliance with the new restrictions. Enforcement measures could include inspections and action against businesses found violating the ban.

The decision comes amid broader efforts by authorities to strengthen food safety standards and regulate the sale of products that may pose risks when sold without adequate labeling or traceability.

Residents and traders in Quetta are advised to follow official instructions regarding the sale and purchase of powdered milk as authorities move to enforce the new restrictions.

Trailer Carrying Ghee Worth Over Rs. 45 Million Disappears in Rawalpindi

A trailer loaded with ghee worth more than Rs. 45 million has mysteriously disappeared from the Hakla service area in Rawalpindi, raising questions about the circumstances surrounding the incident.

According to the available information, the trailer was carrying a large consignment of ghee belonging to a well-known brand. The vehicle was reportedly accompanied by its driver and a worker when it disappeared.

The incident took place within the jurisdiction of the Taxila police station. The disappearance of both the vehicle and the people onboard has added to the mystery surrounding the case.

The reported value of the trailer and its ghee cargo exceeds Rs. 45 million, making the incident significant from both a law-enforcement and commercial perspective.

The circumstances under which the trailer disappeared from the Hakla service area remain unclear. Details about the route of the vehicle, its last known location and the events involving the driver and worker have not been fully disclosed.

The case has reportedly drawn the attention of police authorities as efforts continue to establish what happened to the vehicle and its occupants.

In a development following the disappearance, the trailer was reportedly recovered by Peshawar police. The recovery provides an important lead for investigators seeking to determine how the vehicle reached Peshawar after disappearing from the Rawalpindi area.

However, questions remain about the whereabouts and circumstances involving the driver and worker who were onboard the trailer at the time of the incident. Further investigation is expected to clarify whether the disappearance was linked to theft, a possible criminal incident or another circumstance.

The recovery of the trailer could also help authorities trace the movement of the vehicle and identify individuals who may have been involved. Investigators may examine the vehicle, transportation records and other available evidence as part of the inquiry.

The incident highlights the security challenges associated with transporting high-value commercial goods across Pakistan. Large consignments of food products and other commodities are frequently moved between cities, requiring effective tracking and security measures.

For businesses transporting valuable cargo, vehicle monitoring systems, documented routes and communication with drivers can play an important role in preventing losses and responding quickly when a vehicle goes missing.

As the investigation develops, more details may emerge regarding the disappearance of the ghee-laden trailer from the Hakla service area and its subsequent recovery in Peshawar. Authorities are expected to establish the complete sequence of events and determine responsibility, if any.

At this stage, the reported recovery of the trailer does not by itself explain how or why it disappeared. The exact circumstances will depend on findings from the ongoing investigation and any official statements issued by the relevant authorities.

Finance Minister Backs Plan to Bring Locally Developed GM Corn to Pakistan’s Market

Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb has called for concrete steps to bring genetically modified (GM) corn to Pakistan’s commercial market, signaling a potential shift in the country’s approach to agricultural biotechnology.

Aurangzeb chaired a government committee meeting in Islamabad on Monday to review Pakistan’s policy concerning genetically modified maize and examine the framework required for its commercial introduction.

The meeting focused on developing a clear and practical roadmap for moving locally developed GM corn from research and regulatory stages toward wider market availability.

The committee reached an agreement on the way forward and decided to prepare a detailed plan for the transition and implementation of genetically modified corn in Pakistan.

The development could have significant implications for Pakistan’s agriculture sector, particularly as farmers continue to face challenges related to crop productivity, rising input costs, pests and changing weather conditions.

Genetically modified maize is developed by introducing specific genetic traits that can provide advantages such as improved resistance to certain pests or greater tolerance to particular environmental stresses.

For Pakistan, the commercial availability of locally developed GM corn could potentially support efforts to improve agricultural efficiency while reducing dependence on imported agricultural technologies.

The government’s latest move also highlights the importance of establishing an effective regulatory framework before GM crops are introduced on a wider commercial scale.

Such a framework would need to address issues including biosafety, cultivation standards, seed approval, monitoring and compliance to ensure that the technology is deployed responsibly.

The committee’s decision to finalize a detailed implementation plan suggests that the government is moving beyond policy discussions and looking at practical steps for commercialization.

Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb’s support could also provide greater momentum to coordination among government departments, agricultural institutions, researchers and other stakeholders involved in the development of genetically modified maize.

Pakistan has a large agricultural economy, and maize is an important crop used for food, livestock feed and industrial purposes. Any improvement in maize productivity could therefore have wider effects across the agricultural and food supply chain.

However, the introduction of genetically modified crops also requires careful consideration of farmers’ needs, environmental safeguards and public concerns.

Clear regulations and transparent monitoring will be important to ensure that farmers and consumers have confidence in the process.

The government’s planned transition framework is expected to provide greater clarity on how locally developed GM corn could be introduced into the market and what requirements would apply to its commercial cultivation.

If implemented effectively, the initiative could become part of Pakistan’s broader efforts to modernize agriculture through science, research and technology.

The next phase will focus on finalizing the detailed plan for transitioning genetically modified corn toward commercial implementation, following the committee’s agreement on the proposed way forward.

US-Iran War Threatens Pakistan’s Economic Growth and Inflation Outlook: Finance Minister

Pakistan’s economic recovery could face fresh challenges as the ongoing US-Iran war increases uncertainty across the Gulf region, Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb has warned.

The conflict could put pressure on both Pakistan’s economic growth and inflation outlook at a time when the country is seeking to move beyond stabilization and strengthen economic activity.

Speaking at the “Partnerships That Power Progress” event organized by EXIM Bank in Islamabad on Monday, Aurangzeb said Pakistan remained focused on its transition from economic stabilization toward growth.

The finance minister said the government expects economic growth to exceed 4 percent during the current fiscal year. However, he acknowledged that developments related to the US-Iran conflict could affect the country’s GDP and inflation trajectory.

The warning comes as escalating tensions in the Gulf create additional uncertainty for economies that depend heavily on international trade, energy markets and stable regional conditions.

For Pakistan, developments in the Gulf can have a significant economic impact because changes in global energy prices can influence domestic inflation and external financing pressures.

Higher energy costs can raise transportation and production expenses across the economy. Businesses may face increased operating costs, while consumers could eventually feel the impact through higher prices for goods and services.

The conflict could also create challenges for Pakistan’s growth outlook. Economic activity depends on stable energy supplies, predictable international trade conditions and manageable input costs.

Aurangzeb’s comments indicate that the government is closely monitoring the potential economic consequences of the war while maintaining its expectations for growth during the fiscal year.

Pakistan has been working to strengthen macroeconomic stability after facing significant economic pressures in recent years. The shift toward growth is therefore an important stage in the country’s broader economic recovery.

However, external shocks could complicate that transition. A prolonged regional conflict could increase uncertainty in international markets and make economic planning more difficult for governments and businesses.

Inflation remains another key concern. Any sustained increase in global energy or transportation costs could feed into domestic prices, potentially affecting household purchasing power and business activity.

The impact on GDP will depend partly on how long the conflict continues and how significantly it affects global energy markets, trade routes and regional economic activity.

The finance minister’s comments also underline the importance of maintaining economic resilience as Pakistan faces external risks. Stronger fiscal management, stable financial conditions and continued investment could help limit the impact of international disruptions.

Pakistan’s projected growth rate of more than 4 percent will therefore be watched closely as the government assesses the evolving geopolitical situation.

For businesses and investors, the conflict adds another external factor to an already complex economic environment. Energy prices, inflation, exchange-rate conditions and international trade developments could remain important indicators in the months ahead.

The government’s ability to maintain the economic recovery while managing any inflationary or growth-related effects from the conflict will be crucial.

As the US-Iran war continues to create uncertainty in the Gulf, Pakistan will need to balance its economic growth ambitions with the potential effects of changing global and regional conditions.

SECP Probe Leads to FIA Case Over Alleged Multi-Billion-Rupee Financial Irregularities at Unity Foods

A Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) examination into Unity Foods Limited has led to the registration of a criminal case by the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) over alleged financial irregularities involving billions of rupees.

The case centers on allegations of misuse of company and shareholders’ funds, questionable transactions, falsification or inconsistencies in financial records, and other matters that regulators believe require further investigation.

Unity Foods is a public listed company on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX), making the allegations particularly important for investors and the broader corporate sector. Listed companies are expected to maintain accurate financial records and use funds raised from shareholders for their disclosed purposes.

According to the SECP reference, Unity Foods raised Rs. 3.75 billion through a rights issue in 2019. The funds were intended to support expansion and diversification plans, including asset acquisitions, additions to its refinery at Port Qasim and the establishment of an oil terminal.

The SECP examination allegedly found that around Rs. 2.87 billion of the rights issue proceeds could not be properly accounted for against the stated purposes. The company allegedly failed to provide sufficient evidence showing how these funds were utilized.

The regulatory examination also highlighted other transactions that have now become part of the FIA investigation. These reportedly included payments of around Rs. 5.318 billion from company funds to the former chief executive officer’s mother, described as loan receipts and repayments.

According to the material referred by SECP, appropriate banking instruments and required board approvals were not produced for these transactions. The investigation will determine the nature of these payments and whether any laws or corporate governance requirements were violated.

Another matter involves an alleged Rs. 2.6 billion advance made through a subsidiary to two undisclosed parties. SECP also identified other related-party exposures and transactions that require examination by investigators.

The case further raises questions about the disposal of Unity Foods subsidiaries and the alleged use of company funds, inventory and other resources for the benefit of connected entities. The FIA is expected to examine the movement of funds, identify potential beneficiaries and determine the roles of directors, officers and other individuals.

One of the most significant aspects of the case involves discrepancies in financial and accounting records. Material referred by SECP reportedly indicated an alleged Rs. 44.7 billion difference between the company’s published accounts and its internal SAP records.

The examination also identified an alleged Rs. 5.2 billion difference between inventory recorded in the SAP system and physical stock. In addition, around Rs. 5 billion in aged receivables reportedly lacked corresponding evidence of delivery of goods.

These issues are important because financial statements play a central role in investment decisions. Shareholders, potential investors, lenders and other stakeholders rely on corporate disclosures to understand a company’s financial position, performance and risks.

The FIA investigation does not by itself establish criminal liability. The allegations will need to be examined through the legal process, with investigators determining the facts and responsibility of the individuals or entities involved.

The development also highlights the role of regulatory oversight in Pakistan’s capital market. SECP examinations can identify potential corporate and financial reporting concerns, while cases involving possible criminal conduct may be referred to investigative agencies for further action.

For investors in listed companies, the Unity Foods case underscores the importance of reviewing financial statements, corporate announcements, rights issue disclosures and other information before making investment decisions.

The investigation is expected to provide greater clarity on the alleged movement and use of funds, the reported accounting discrepancies and the involvement of company officials or connected parties. Further proceedings and findings will determine the legal and regulatory consequences arising from the case.

Pakistan Electricity Consumers Face Possible Rs. 2.52 Per Unit Increase in July 2026

Electricity consumers across Pakistan may face another increase in their power bills as the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) is set to consider a proposed Rs. 2.52 per unit tariff hike for July 2026.

The proposed increase is being sought under the monthly fuel cost adjustment mechanism. The request was submitted to NEPRA by the Central Power Purchasing Agency (CPPA), which purchases electricity on behalf of distribution companies.

NEPRA is scheduled to hear the CPPA’s request today before making a decision on the proposed adjustment. The Rs. 2.52 per unit increase is therefore not yet final and could change depending on the regulator’s review.

If approved, the additional adjustment could increase electricity bills for consumers during the applicable billing period. The impact would depend on the amount of electricity consumed and the category of each consumer.

Fuel cost adjustments are used to account for changes in the cost of electricity generation. When actual generation costs differ from previously determined reference costs, the difference can be passed on to consumers through monthly tariff adjustments.

For households already dealing with high electricity expenses, another increase could add further pressure to monthly budgets. The proposed adjustment is therefore likely to attract significant attention from residential consumers as well as businesses and other electricity users.

The CPPA’s request will be reviewed by NEPRA as part of the regulatory process. The authority will assess the relevant figures before determining whether the requested adjustment should be approved, modified or rejected.

The final decision will determine whether consumers actually face the full proposed Rs. 2.52 per unit increase. Until NEPRA announces its decision, the proposed amount should be considered a requested adjustment rather than a confirmed tariff hike.

The development comes amid continued public concern over electricity prices in Pakistan. Changes in power tariffs can have a broader economic impact because electricity costs affect households, businesses, industries and other sectors.

For consumers, the final NEPRA decision will be important in determining the effect of the July 2026 fuel cost adjustment on upcoming electricity bills. Consumers may also need to monitor their bills for any approved adjustment once it is formally implemented.

The monthly fuel adjustment mechanism is one of the ways electricity tariffs are periodically updated in response to changes in generation costs. These adjustments can result in either increases or decreases, depending on the difference between actual and reference fuel-related costs.

NEPRA’s hearing of the CPPA request is therefore a key step in the process. Following the hearing, the regulator will determine the final adjustment applicable to electricity consumers.

If the proposed Rs. 2.52 per unit hike is approved, it would represent another increase in electricity costs for affected consumers. However, the final impact will only become clear once NEPRA issues its decision and the adjustment is formally notified.

Consumers should therefore wait for the regulator’s final decision rather than treating the proposed amount as a confirmed increase. The outcome of the hearing will provide clarity on whether the requested adjustment will be applied and at what rate.

Sindh Government Announces 149 Jobs Across Multiple Districts

The Government of Sindh has announced 149 job vacancies under the Strengthening Social Protection Delivery System in Sindh project, opening new employment opportunities at the provincial and district levels.

The vacancies have been announced by the Project Management and Implementation Unit (PMIU) under the Sindh Social Protection Authority, which operates under the Social Protection Department of the Sindh government.

According to the official job advertisement, 22 positions are available at the project’s head office. Another 127 vacancies have been allocated to district offices across Sindh, creating employment opportunities in different parts of the province.

The recruitment drive is linked to the Strengthening Social Protection Delivery System in Sindh project, which aims to support and improve the delivery of social protection services across the province.

The project is supported by the World Bank through financing from the International Development Association (IDA). The involvement of international development financing highlights the broader institutional importance of the programme and its focus on strengthening social protection systems.

All appointments under the project will be made on a contract basis. Candidates interested in the available positions are expected to review the official advertisement carefully for details about eligibility, required qualifications, experience and the application process.

The distribution of vacancies between the head office and district offices provides opportunities for applicants from different areas of Sindh. With 127 positions assigned to district offices, the majority of the recruitment is focused on supporting project operations at the local level.

District-based staffing can play an important role in social protection programmes because many services need to be delivered directly to communities. The recruitment is therefore expected to help strengthen the project’s operational capacity across various districts.

The 22 head-office positions, meanwhile, will support administrative, technical and project-related functions at the central level. Together, the head-office and district positions will form part of the workforce responsible for implementing the project.

For job seekers in Sindh, the announcement provides an opportunity to apply for positions connected with a government-backed development programme. Applicants should ensure that they meet the requirements specified in the official advertisement before submitting their applications.

Candidates should also pay close attention to application deadlines and submission instructions. Since the appointments are contractual, applicants should review the terms and conditions of employment as provided by the relevant department.

The Strengthening Social Protection Delivery System in Sindh project is being implemented through the Sindh Social Protection Authority and its Project Management and Implementation Unit. The programme’s World Bank-backed financing adds an important development component to the recruitment initiative.

The announcement of 149 vacancies reflects the need for additional human resources to support project implementation across Sindh. The large number of district-level positions indicates a strong focus on extending project operations beyond the provincial head office.

Applicants seeking Sindh government jobs should rely on the official advertisement for complete recruitment information, including post-specific requirements and application procedures. Meeting the stated criteria will be essential for consideration during the recruitment process.

With 149 positions available, the latest recruitment drive could attract significant interest from qualified candidates across the province. The vacancies cover both head-office and district-level requirements, offering opportunities in multiple locations.

The Sindh government’s latest recruitment announcement is therefore an important employment opportunity linked to a World Bank-supported social protection initiative. Interested candidates should review the official details and submit their applications according to the prescribed procedure.

CDA Approves Rs. 152 Billion Budget, Highest in Its History

The Capital Development Authority (CDA) has approved a record Rs. 152 billion budget for the fiscal year 2026-27, marking the largest financial plan in the civic agency’s history. The decision highlights the authority’s focus on expanding development activities across Islamabad.

The CDA Board approved the budget during a meeting chaired by Chairman Sohail Ashraf. A major share of the funds has been reserved for development projects, signaling an increased emphasis on infrastructure and public-sector improvements.

According to the budget documents, the CDA has allocated Rs. 112 billion for new and ongoing development projects. Another Rs. 40 billion has been set aside for non-development expenses during the 2026-27 fiscal year.

The record allocation gives the CDA greater financial capacity to undertake major projects and continue work on schemes already under development. The development component accounts for the largest portion of the authority’s overall budget.

The approval comes as Islamabad continues to face growing demands for better infrastructure, improved public facilities and efficient urban services. The increased development spending could provide additional resources for addressing these needs.

The Rs. 112 billion development allocation is particularly significant because it covers both new initiatives and projects already in progress. This approach allows the authority to maintain existing development work while also taking up new schemes during the coming financial year.

The remaining Rs. 40 billion will be used for non-development requirements. These expenses are separate from the development programme and are intended to support the authority’s regular operational and administrative needs.

The CDA’s record budget also reflects the scale of its responsibilities as the capital’s main civic development body. Its financial decisions have a direct impact on Islamabad’s infrastructure, urban planning and public services.

With the budget now approved, attention is likely to shift toward the implementation of the development programme. The effectiveness of the record allocation will depend on how efficiently the CDA executes projects and manages its available resources.

For Islamabad residents, the key expectation will be visible progress on development schemes and improvements in civic infrastructure. The large development allocation provides an opportunity for the authority to accelerate work and address some of the capital’s long-standing urban requirements.

The CDA’s Rs. 152 billion budget for 2026-27 therefore represents a major financial milestone for the authority. With Rs. 112 billion dedicated to development and Rs. 40 billion for non-development expenses, the budget places a strong emphasis on expanding and continuing development activities across Islamabad.

Over 2.1 Million Smart Electricity Meters Installed Across Pakistan

More than 2.1 million smart electricity meters have been installed across Pakistan’s power distribution network, according to a written reply submitted by the Ministry of Energy to the Senate.

The ministry reported that a total of 2,125,296 smart meters have been installed across the distribution companies, highlighting the country’s ongoing shift toward more advanced electricity monitoring and billing systems.

Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESCO) has recorded the largest number of installations, with 1,153,556 smart electricity meters installed across its service area.

Gujranwala Electric Power Company (GEPCO) ranks second among the listed distribution companies, with 348,135 smart meters installed. Multan Electric Power Company (MEPCO) has installed 229,719 meters.

Islamabad Electric Supply Company (IESCO) has installed 119,372 smart meters, while Faisalabad Electric Supply Company (FESCO) has reported 111,948 installations.

The figures provide an indication of the scale at which smart metering is being introduced across Pakistan’s electricity distribution system. Unlike conventional meters, smart meters can support more advanced monitoring and data collection, potentially giving electricity providers better information about consumption.

For consumers, the wider adoption of smart meters could eventually contribute to more accurate electricity monitoring and improved billing processes. The technology can also help distribution companies identify consumption patterns and monitor electricity use more efficiently.

The installation drive is particularly significant as Pakistan continues to face challenges related to electricity distribution, billing and power losses. Modern metering infrastructure can provide distribution companies with additional tools to monitor their networks and manage electricity consumption.

LESCO’s figure stands out among the distribution companies listed in the Senate reply. With more than 1.15 million smart meters installed, the company accounts for more than half of the total installations reported across the listed network.

GEPCO’s 348,135 installations also represent a substantial share, followed by MEPCO with 229,719 smart meters. IESCO and FESCO have each crossed the 100,000-installation mark.

The adoption of smart electricity meters is part of a broader move toward digitalisation within the power sector. Better access to consumption data can support utility management and potentially improve the way electricity demand is monitored.

For households and businesses, the transition could also mean greater visibility into electricity consumption. Over time, smart metering technology may help consumers understand their usage and manage electricity demand more effectively.

However, the benefits of smart meters will depend not only on installation but also on how effectively distribution companies use the technology. Reliable communication systems, accurate data processing and efficient billing infrastructure remain important for achieving the full potential of smart metering.

The latest figures shared with the Senate show that Pakistan has already made significant progress in expanding smart meter coverage. With more than 2.1 million installations reported, the technology is becoming an increasingly visible part of the country’s electricity distribution system.

As the rollout continues, further expansion of smart metering could play a role in improving electricity monitoring and supporting the modernisation of Pakistan’s power sector.

Pakistan Aviation Authority Warns Employees Against Government Criticism on Social Media

The Pakistan Aviation Authority has issued a warning to its employees, union members and office-bearers against criticizing the federal government or the authority on social media and other public platforms.

According to reports, the authority has stated that public criticism by employees could be considered misconduct under its applicable service regulations. Those found violating the instructions could face disciplinary action.

The directive covers comments and criticism made through social media as well as other public platforms. It places additional emphasis on how employees and representatives communicate publicly when discussing government policies, official decisions or matters related to the aviation authority.

For employees of public-sector organizations, social media activity can sometimes raise questions about professional conduct and institutional discipline. The latest warning from the Pakistan Aviation Authority reflects that concern within the aviation sector.

The reported directive also applies to union members and office-bearers, extending the warning beyond regular employees. This means individuals holding positions within employee associations may also need to consider the authority’s service regulations when making public statements.

Under the reported instructions, criticism directed at the federal government or the authority could lead to disciplinary proceedings if it is deemed to fall under misconduct provisions.

The development comes as social media platforms have become an important channel for public discussion, allowing employees and members of organizations to express opinions on policies and workplace issues. Public-sector institutions, however, often maintain rules governing the conduct and public statements of their employees.

The Pakistan Aviation Authority plays an important role in the country’s aviation sector, making matters concerning its employees and institutional policies relevant to a broad range of stakeholders, including aviation workers and passengers.

The reported warning is expected to draw attention among employees who use platforms such as Facebook, X, Instagram and other public forums to discuss workplace or government-related matters.

For affected employees, understanding the authority’s service regulations will be important, particularly regarding what may constitute misconduct and what types of public statements could potentially trigger disciplinary action.

The directive also highlights the growing importance of social media policies within government institutions. As online platforms increasingly influence public communication, organizations are paying greater attention to statements made by employees in their professional or representative capacities.

Further details about the specific provisions cited by the authority, the scope of disciplinary action and the implementation of the directive may provide greater clarity for employees and union representatives.

For now, the reported warning signals that the Pakistan Aviation Authority expects employees and union office-bearers to follow its service regulations when making public comments concerning the federal government or the authority.

The development could also contribute to wider discussions about employee conduct, institutional discipline and social media use within Pakistan’s public-sector organizations.

Taj Lubricants Launches New Engine Oil Range to Support Pakistan’s Everyday Drivers

Taj Gasoline has expanded its automotive offering with the launch of Taj Lubricants, a new range of engine oils designed to support the performance and reliability of different types of vehicles across Pakistan.

With a history dating back to 1965, Taj Gasoline has built a long-standing connection with motorists in Pakistan. The company says its latest move is aimed at extending that relationship beyond fuel and helping customers take better care of their vehicles.

The new Taj Lubricants range includes three products: JET for motorcycles, NITRO for petrol engines and ULTIMA for diesel engines. The products are available exclusively at Taj Gasoline fuel stations across Pakistan.

For everyday motorists, engine oil is an important part of vehicle maintenance. It helps lubricate moving engine components, reduce friction and support smoother operation. Choosing an oil suitable for a vehicle can therefore play a role in maintaining dependable engine performance.

Taj says the new range has been developed with the different requirements of Pakistani motorists in mind. From motorcycles used for daily commuting to family cars and commercial diesel vehicles, each product is positioned for a specific type of engine.

JET is designed for motorcycles, which remain an important part of daily transportation in Pakistan. Many riders depend on their bikes for commuting, work, deliveries and family responsibilities. Taj Lubricants says JET is intended to support smooth engine performance during everyday riding conditions.

NITRO is aimed at petrol-powered vehicles, including cars used for regular commuting and family travel. The product focuses on supporting engine performance and fuel efficiency, giving petrol vehicle owners an option within Taj’s new lubricant range.

ULTIMA is developed for diesel engines, which are widely used in commercial and demanding applications. Diesel vehicles often handle transportation, deliveries and other work-related duties, making engine performance and protection important considerations for owners and operators.

One of the key aspects of the Taj Lubricants launch is its exclusive distribution through Taj Gasoline fuel stations. According to the company, this approach is intended to make it easier for customers to identify genuine products and purchase their engine oil through an established network.

The company also says its trained staff can help motorists identify the lubricant best suited to their vehicles. This could make the process simpler for customers who are unsure about which engine oil they should choose.

The launch also builds on Taj Gasoline’s broader focus on the everyday needs of motorists. The company has highlighted fuel quantity and quality across its network, while its stations also provide places where drivers can take a break during their journeys.

Taj further offers its free Ehsas Helpline at 03-111-111-825 as part of its roadside support services. The company describes these initiatives as part of its effort to make journeys more convenient for motorists.

For Taj, the introduction of lubricants represents more than adding another product to its fuel stations. It reflects an effort to become part of another important stage of vehicle ownership: maintaining the engine after the vehicle leaves the fuel pump.

Whether a motorcycle is being used to reach work, a car is taking children to school or a diesel vehicle is completing another commercial delivery, reliable transportation can have a direct impact on everyday life.

The Taj Lubricants range is built around this idea, offering separate engine oil options for motorcycles, petrol vehicles and diesel engines through Taj Gasoline’s nationwide network.

With JET, NITRO and ULTIMA, Taj is now positioning itself not only as a fuel provider but also as a brand offering motorists another solution for routine vehicle maintenance.

For Pakistani drivers looking for engine oil, the company says the basic approach is straightforward: identify the type of engine, select the appropriate Taj Lubricants product and purchase it from a Taj Gasoline fuel station.

As the company takes its lubricant business forward, the new range marks another step in Taj Gasoline’s long-running connection with motorists and their everyday journeys.

Lahore High Court Rules DISCOs Cannot Disconnect Home Electricity Over Industrial Dues

The Lahore High Court has ruled that electricity distribution companies (DISCOs) cannot disconnect a consumer’s residential electricity connection to recover alleged dues from a separate industrial connection.

The decision provides important protection for domestic electricity consumers, particularly in cases where residential and commercial or industrial connections have separate meters, billing records and payment histories.

Justice Jawad Hassan issued the ruling while hearing a petition filed by Ghazi Akhtar Khan. The court directed the relevant authorities to refrain from taking coercive action against his residential electricity connection.

The case involved an attempt to use a domestic electricity connection as a means of recovering disputed liabilities associated with a separate industrial connection. The petitioner maintained that his residential electricity bills had been regularly paid.

The court observed that a fully paid residential connection cannot be used as leverage to recover disputed dues connected with an industrial connection. It emphasized the separate nature of the two electricity connections and their respective billing records.

According to the ruling, the residential connection had its own meter, reference number, billing history and payment record. Since the petitioner had been paying his domestic electricity bills regularly, the court found that the residential supply could not simply be disconnected to recover a disputed industrial liability.

The decision is significant for electricity consumers because households and businesses may sometimes have multiple electricity connections registered under the same person or entity. The ruling reinforces the importance of treating separate connections according to their individual records and liabilities.

Electricity disconnection can have serious consequences for households, affecting essential activities such as lighting, refrigeration, education and other daily needs. The court’s decision therefore places limits on the use of residential electricity supply as a recovery mechanism for unrelated disputed dues.

The ruling also highlights the distinction between a consumer’s residential obligations and liabilities associated with an industrial or commercial connection. Where separate meters, reference numbers and billing records exist, the financial position of one connection cannot automatically be treated as the same as another.

For consumers facing disputes over electricity bills, the judgment could serve as an important legal reference. It indicates that distribution companies must follow appropriate legal procedures when seeking recovery of disputed amounts rather than disconnecting a separate, fully paid residential connection.

The Lahore High Court’s order also underscores the importance of maintaining accurate billing records. Separate payment histories can help establish whether a particular electricity connection has outstanding dues or has been regularly cleared by the consumer.

The ruling does not mean that legitimate electricity dues cannot be recovered. Rather, it establishes that a separate residential connection that has been properly paid cannot be disconnected simply to exert pressure for recovery of disputed liabilities attached to another industrial connection.

The case could have broader implications for electricity consumers across areas served by distribution companies, particularly where individuals or businesses maintain multiple connections for residential and commercial purposes.

The decision ultimately reinforces the principle that electricity supply should be dealt with according to the specific connection, billing record and legal liability involved.

Saudi Arabia to Introduce 90-Day Limit for GCC-Registered Private Vehicles

Saudi Arabia is set to introduce new regulations limiting how long privately owned vehicles registered in other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries can remain in the kingdom.

The new rules are scheduled to take effect on August 26 and will apply to GCC-registered vehicles owned by Saudi citizens or non-GCC residents living in Saudi Arabia.

Under the regulations, eligible vehicles will be permitted to remain in Saudi Arabia for a maximum of 90 days. The restriction will also cover vehicles that individuals are officially authorized to drive, providing a clear time limit for the use of foreign-registered private vehicles inside the kingdom.

The 90-day allowance does not necessarily have to be used in one continuous period. Vehicle owners and authorized drivers can use the permitted period across multiple visits within a 365-day period.

The countdown will begin when the vehicle first enters Saudi Arabia through a designated customs port. This means the entry date will become an important reference point for determining how much of the vehicle’s permitted stay has been used.

The new policy is particularly relevant for Saudi citizens who own vehicles registered elsewhere in the GCC, as well as non-GCC residents living in Saudi Arabia who use vehicles registered in neighboring Gulf countries.

GCC countries have strong economic and social links, and residents frequently travel across borders for work, business, family visits and tourism. As a result, regulations governing foreign-registered vehicles can have a direct impact on cross-border motorists.

The 90-day framework appears designed to provide a defined period during which GCC-registered private vehicles can operate in Saudi Arabia while establishing clearer controls over their duration of stay.

For motorists who regularly drive into Saudi Arabia, keeping track of entry dates will be important. Since the permitted period can be spread across multiple visits, drivers may need to monitor their cumulative usage during the relevant 365-day period.

The introduction of the rule also highlights the importance of understanding customs and vehicle-entry requirements before travelling to Saudi Arabia. Drivers using GCC-registered vehicles should ensure that they understand how the 90-day allowance applies to their specific circumstances.

The policy may be especially important for people who frequently travel between Saudi Arabia and other GCC countries. A vehicle that remains in the kingdom for extended periods could be affected once the permitted 90-day period has been exhausted.

By linking the calculation to the vehicle’s first entry through a customs port, Saudi authorities are establishing a specific starting point for the permitted period. This provides a clear basis for tracking the vehicle’s stay.

The new rules are expected to become effective on August 26. Motorists planning cross-border travel should therefore consider the new requirement when arranging trips involving privately owned GCC-registered vehicles.

For Saudi residents and visitors who depend on such vehicles, awareness of the new limit will be important to avoid problems associated with exceeding the permitted period.

China’s CHEC Proposes $522 Million Plan for New Keti Bunder Deep-Water Port

China Harbour Engineering Company (CHEC) has proposed a preliminary engineering cost of $522.34 million for the first phase of a new deep-water port at Keti Bunder in Sindh. The proposed project is part of Pakistan’s broader efforts to strengthen its maritime infrastructure, logistics network and trade capacity.

CHEC presented a Conceptual Master Plan for the proposed port to President Asif Ali Zardari during a meeting on Monday. The Chinese engineering company outlined a modern maritime gateway that could include multiple terminals, logistics facilities and other supporting infrastructure.

According to the presentation, the first phase of the Keti Bunder port would feature a multi-purpose terminal with a 500-meter quay. The facility is expected to support different types of maritime and commercial activities while improving connectivity between sea-based trade and inland logistics networks.

The proposed investment highlights the growing focus on developing Pakistan’s coastal infrastructure. A modern deep-water port at Keti Bunder could potentially create new opportunities for cargo handling, transportation, warehousing and related industries in the region.

Keti Bunder is located along the Sindh coast and has long been viewed as an area with potential for maritime development. A large-scale port project could help unlock that potential by introducing modern port facilities and improving the movement of goods through the coastal region.

The proposed $522.34 million engineering cost relates to the preliminary first phase of the project. Further planning, technical assessments, financing arrangements and approvals would be required before construction and full implementation can move forward.

The development could also have wider implications for Pakistan’s logistics sector. Modern port infrastructure can improve cargo-handling capacity, reduce pressure on existing facilities and provide businesses with additional routes for moving goods to domestic and international markets.

For Pakistan, expanding maritime infrastructure is particularly important because the country relies heavily on sea routes for international trade. Additional port capacity could support future growth in imports and exports while strengthening the country’s position as a regional logistics hub.

The involvement of CHEC also reflects the continuing role of Chinese engineering companies in Pakistan’s infrastructure development. The company has been involved in major maritime and infrastructure projects in the country, bringing experience in port construction, engineering and logistics-related development.

If the Keti Bunder proposal advances, the project could become an important component of Sindh’s long-term economic and maritime development plans. It may also generate demand for supporting services, including transportation, logistics, construction, warehousing and other port-related businesses.

The proposed deep-water port is therefore being viewed not only as a transport project but also as a potential driver of regional economic activity. Its eventual impact will depend on detailed feasibility studies, investment decisions, infrastructure connectivity and the successful completion of subsequent development phases.

For now, CHEC’s $522.34 million preliminary proposal marks an important step toward evaluating the potential of Keti Bunder as a new maritime gateway for Pakistan.

Pakistan Eyes $400 Million Annual Remittance Savings Through Regulated Stablecoins

Pakistan could potentially save around $400 million every year by using regulated stablecoins for remittances, according to Bilal bin Saqib, Chairman of the Pakistan Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (PVARA).

Saqib said the potential savings could be achieved if stablecoin-based transfers reduce remittance transaction costs by just one percentage point. Pakistan receives roughly $40 billion in annual remittance inflows, making even a small reduction in transfer costs financially significant.

The proposal is part of Pakistan’s wider effort to bring virtual assets into the formal financial system and develop regulated digital-asset use cases. Authorities are examining how blockchain-based technologies could support cross-border payments, digital exports, trade finance and tokenized financial assets.

According to Saqib, around $40 billion in remittances continues to enter Pakistan through traditional financial channels, including the SWIFT system. The country therefore has significant potential to explore alternative payment technologies that can make international transfers faster and more affordable.

The cost of sending remittances remains an important issue for migrant workers and their families. Saqib cited World Bank data showing that the global average cost of sending $200 is around 6 percent, highlighting the potential room for more efficient payment mechanisms.

Stablecoins are digital assets designed to maintain a relatively stable value, often by being linked to traditional currencies or other assets. Unlike highly volatile cryptocurrencies, stablecoins are generally intended to facilitate payments and transfers rather than function primarily as speculative investments.

For Pakistan, regulated stablecoins could offer a possible avenue for improving the efficiency of remittance transfers while maintaining oversight through the formal financial system. However, their wider adoption would depend on appropriate regulations, compliance requirements and safeguards.

The government’s interest in stablecoin-based remittances also reflects the growing importance of digital finance in Pakistan. If properly regulated, blockchain technology could potentially support not only overseas transfers but also other areas of the economy.

Saqib said Pakistan is exploring broader applications for virtual assets, including cross-border payments and digital exports. Tokenization of financial assets and the use of digital technologies in trade finance are also being considered as part of the country’s emerging virtual-assets framework.

The potential $400 million saving is based on a simple one-percentage-point reduction in transaction costs applied to approximately $40 billion in annual remittance inflows. Actual savings would depend on adoption levels, transaction costs, regulatory requirements and the efficiency of the payment infrastructure.

Remittances are a major source of foreign exchange for Pakistan and play an important role in supporting households across the country. Lower transfer costs could allow families to receive a larger share of the money sent by Pakistanis working abroad.

The development signals that Pakistan is increasingly examining digital assets beyond cryptocurrency trading. By focusing on regulated applications such as remittances and cross-border payments, authorities are looking at ways virtual-asset technology could contribute to the formal economy.

Sandal Express Restored After 8 Years, Reconnecting Sargodha and Multan by Rail

The Sandal Express has resumed operations after an eight-year suspension, restoring an important railway connection between Sargodha and Multan and giving passengers another affordable travel option.

The restoration of the passenger train is particularly significant for residents of Jhang and other districts located along the route. The service is expected to provide an economical alternative for people traveling between major cities and towns in the region.

The return of the Sandal Express was marked by special ceremonies at Jhang and Sargodha railway stations. A large number of citizens gathered at both stations to welcome the train and celebrate the restoration of the long-suspended service.

The resumption comes as Pakistan Railways continues efforts to restore passenger services and improve connectivity between different parts of the country. Rail travel remains an important transportation option for people seeking relatively affordable long-distance journeys.

For residents of Jhang and surrounding areas, the Sandal Express could make travel to Sargodha and Multan more convenient. The restored service may also benefit students, workers, traders and families who regularly travel between communities along the railway route.

The eight-year suspension had limited passenger rail options for people living along the corridor. With the Sandal Express back in operation, travelers once again have access to a direct rail service connecting important areas of Punjab.

The restoration of the train also has potential economic benefits for communities along the route. Improved rail connectivity can support local commerce by making it easier for people and goods to move between towns and larger commercial centers.

Railways can also play an important role in reducing the transportation burden on passengers. For many travelers, train services offer a more affordable alternative to private vehicles and intercity bus services, particularly for longer journeys.

The strong public response at Jhang and Sargodha stations reflects the importance of passenger rail services to local communities. Citizens welcoming the train’s return have highlighted the value of restoring transportation links that had remained unavailable for years.

The Sandal Express is now once again part of the passenger rail network connecting Sargodha and Multan. Its restoration represents another development in efforts to improve regional rail connectivity and provide passengers with more travel choices.

The long-term success of the service will depend on reliable operations, convenient scheduling and continued maintenance. Regular service can help rebuild passenger confidence and ensure that the restored railway connection continues to serve communities across the route.

Pakistan Refineries Agree to Upgrade Plants Despite New Penalty

Pakistan’s oil refineries are preparing to move ahead with long-delayed agreements to upgrade their plants, despite concerns over a new financial penalty introduced under the amended Brownfield Refinery Policy.

The refinery sector has indicated that it is ready to sign the agreements with the government. However, industry representatives have objected to a provision requiring refineries to surrender 2.5 percent of the deemed duty retained on diesel.

The refineries argue that the penalty is unfair because the delays in finalizing the upgrade agreements were not caused by the companies themselves. Despite these reservations, the industry appears willing to proceed with the modernization plan.

The development is important for Pakistan’s energy sector because the country’s refining infrastructure requires significant investment and modernization. Upgrading existing plants could improve refinery efficiency, strengthen fuel production capacity and reduce some of the challenges associated with aging facilities.

The government’s amended Brownfield Refinery Policy is designed to encourage investment in existing refineries rather than relying solely on the construction of completely new facilities. The policy was initially approved in August 2023 and has been amended twice since then.

Under the latest developments, the government is pushing to finalize agreements with the refineries after lengthy delays. Petroleum Minister Ali Pervaiz Malik has said the agreements will be completed soon, while the Petroleum Division expects them to be signed by the end of August.

The proposed refinery upgrades could have wider implications for Pakistan’s energy security. Modern plants can operate more efficiently and produce fuels that better meet domestic requirements, potentially supporting a more stable petroleum supply chain.

For Pakistan, investment in refinery modernization is also linked to the broader goal of reducing dependence on imported petroleum products. Improvements in domestic refining capacity could help the country make better use of imported crude oil while strengthening local processing capabilities.

However, the disagreement over the 2.5 percent deemed-duty provision remains an important issue for the refinery industry. Companies are expected to seek clarity and fair treatment as they move toward signing the long-awaited agreements.

The decision by refineries to proceed despite their objections signals that both the government and industry recognize the importance of moving forward with the upgrade program. Final agreements could provide greater certainty for companies planning major investments in their facilities.

If the agreements are completed as expected, Pakistan could enter a new phase of refinery modernization after years of discussions and delays. The upgrades may eventually contribute to improved fuel quality, greater operational efficiency and a stronger domestic refining sector.

For consumers and the wider economy, the success of the program will depend on how quickly investments translate into better refinery performance and a more reliable petroleum supply chain. The coming months will therefore be closely watched by Pakistan’s energy industry and policymakers.

PIA Picks New IT Chief as Restructuring Efforts Continue

Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) has finalized the appointment of a new Chief Information Technology Officer (CITO), marking another step in the national carrier’s ongoing administrative reforms and restructuring efforts.

The appointment comes as PIA continues to reorganize its management and strengthen key areas of its operations. The information technology function is expected to play an increasingly important role as the airline works to modernize its systems and improve operational efficiency.

A strong IT leadership structure can support airlines in several areas, including digital services, internal management systems, cybersecurity, data management and passenger-facing technologies. The appointment of a new IT chief is therefore expected to be relevant to PIA’s broader modernization plans.

At the same time, the selection process for PIA’s new Chief Executive Officer (CEO) has reached its final stage. The development indicates that the airline is moving forward with changes to its senior leadership structure.

The appointment of a permanent CEO will be closely watched as PIA continues to deal with major operational and administrative challenges. The airline has been undergoing a restructuring process aimed at improving its performance and strengthening its overall management framework.

The new Chief Information Technology Officer will be expected to oversee the airline’s technology-related functions and contribute to efforts to make its systems more efficient. Modern IT infrastructure is increasingly important for airlines as digital platforms become central to reservations, customer service, flight operations and business management.

PIA’s management changes come during a period of significant transformation for the national carrier. The airline has been pursuing reforms intended to improve efficiency and establish a more sustainable operational structure.

The final stage of the CEO selection process adds another important element to these changes. Once the new chief executive is appointed, the leadership team will have a key role in implementing the airline’s future strategy.

For PIA, effective coordination between senior management, technology leadership and other operational departments could be important in achieving its reform objectives. Technology modernization can also help improve decision-making by providing management with better access to timely operational and business data.

The latest appointment consequently represents more than a change in an individual management position. It forms part of a wider effort to build a stronger administrative structure at the national airline.

Further developments are expected as the CEO selection process concludes. The incoming leadership will face the task of advancing reforms while addressing operational requirements and positioning PIA for improved performance.

The appointment of a new IT chief and the progress in selecting a new CEO indicate that PIA’s management restructuring remains active. The effectiveness of these changes will ultimately depend on how successfully the new leadership implements modernization and efficiency measures across the airline.

Sindh Government Declares August 26 Public Holiday for Eid Milad-un-Nabi

The Sindh government has announced a public holiday across the province on Wednesday, August 26, 2026, to mark Eid Milad-un-Nabi, observed on 12th Rabi-ul-Awwal 1448 A.H.

The announcement was made through an official notification issued by the Sindh Services, General Administration and Coordination Department on Friday. The holiday will be observed across Sindh by institutions and organizations falling under the provincial government’s administrative control.

According to the notification, the public holiday will apply to all government offices operating under the Sindh government. It will also cover autonomous and semi-autonomous bodies, corporations and local councils.

The decision means employees working in the affected provincial government institutions will observe Wednesday as a holiday in connection with Eid Milad-un-Nabi.

Eid Milad-un-Nabi is observed by Muslims to commemorate the birth anniversary of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The occasion is marked across Pakistan through religious gatherings, prayers and other activities.

The Sindh government’s announcement provides clarity for provincial government employees and organizations regarding their official working schedule for August 26. Citizens dealing with government departments should take the holiday into account when planning visits or administrative work.

The notification specifically covers organizations that fall under the administrative control of the Sindh government. The announcement therefore establishes the holiday for the categories of institutions identified in the provincial government’s official order.

Public holidays linked to major religious occasions are generally announced in advance to allow government departments, employees and citizens to make appropriate arrangements.

The declaration also comes as other institutions and organizations across Pakistan announce their schedules for Eid Milad-un-Nabi. The Pakistan Stock Exchange, for example, has separately announced a closure on August 26 in observance of the same occasion.

For residents of Sindh, the provincial notification confirms that Wednesday will be a public holiday for the government institutions covered by the order. People who need services from provincial departments may therefore need to plan their visits around the closure.

The government’s notification is expected to help departments and local administrative bodies coordinate their operations during the religious occasion.

Eid Milad-un-Nabi remains an important date on Pakistan’s religious calendar, and the public holiday allows government employees covered by the notification to observe the occasion without their normal official duties.

Citizens are advised to check with individual departments or institutions if they require a specific government service around the holiday, particularly where operational arrangements may differ.

Trending Pakistan

Headlines