The Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) has issued a warning about an impending heatwave set to affect most parts of the country beginning April 13, 2025. This early-season heatwave is anticipated to bring significant temperature increases, raising concerns about public health, agriculture, and infrastructure stability.​

Details of the Heatwave

According to the PMD, a high-pressure system developing in the upper atmosphere is the primary factor contributing to the expected rise in temperatures. The forecast predicts that:

  • Southern Regions: Areas including Sindh, southern Punjab, and Balochistan may experience daytime temperatures 6 to 8°C above the average for this time of year. This could result in temperatures exceeding 40°C in some locations.​
  • Northern and Central Regions: Provinces such as Punjab, Islamabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Azad Kashmir are expected to see temperatures 4 to 6°C above normal averages. Nighttime temperatures are also projected to remain higher than usual.​

The heatwave is anticipated to persist through April 18, with conditions potentially intensifying mid-week. The combination of elevated daytime and nighttime temperatures may lead to increased energy consumption due to higher demands for cooling, as well as heightened risks of heat-related illnesses.​

Health and Safety Recommendations

In response to the heatwave warning, health authorities and the PMD have issued several advisories:​

  • Avoid Direct Sun Exposure: Residents are advised to limit time outdoors, especially during peak heat hours between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m.​
  • Stay Hydrated: Consuming ample water and electrolyte-rich fluids is crucial to prevent dehydration.​
  • Appropriate Clothing: Wearing light-colored, loose-fitting, and breathable fabrics can help mitigate heat absorption.​
  • Modify Work Hours: Outdoor laborers and farmers should consider adjusting work schedules to early morning or late evening to reduce heat exposure.​
  • Recognize Heat-Related Illnesses: Be vigilant for symptoms such as excessive sweating, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. Seek immediate medical attention if heatstroke is suspected.​

Agricultural and Environmental Concerns

The PMD has highlighted potential impacts on agriculture and the environment:​

  • Crop Management: Farmers are encouraged to adjust irrigation schedules and protect crops from heat stress. The early heat may also accelerate the maturation of certain crops, affecting yields.​
  • Water Resources: The increased temperatures could lead to accelerated snowmelt in northern regions, raising the risk of glacial lake outburst floods and affecting downstream water availability.​

Historical Context and Preparedness

Pakistan has a history of severe heatwaves, with the 2015 heatwave in Karachi serving as a stark reminder of the potential dangers. That year, the city experienced temperatures exceeding 45°C, resulting in over 1,200 fatalities. This history underscores the importance of preparedness and timely response to heat-related advisories.​

Conclusion

As Pakistan braces for this early-season heatwave, it is imperative for residents, especially those in high-risk regions, to stay informed and adhere to safety guidelines. Coordinated efforts from individuals, communities, and authorities are essential to mitigate the adverse effects of extreme heat and ensure public health and safety.

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